Elena Rossinskaya
HISTORY AND MODERN STATUS OF FORENSIC EXPERTS TRAINING IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION
The article analyzes the main approaches to the training of expert personnel that have developed so far in the Russian Federation. It is carried out in several directions: traditional expert training (higher education, vocational training, internships), higher education in the specialty «forensic examination» (specialty), basic higher education (bachelor) and magistracy. Along with the coverage of topical aspects of the training of forensic experts, the article provides some information about the history of its development. Attention is paid to certain problematic aspects of the training of forensic experts (for example, lack of the relevant methodologies for a number of new areas of expert activity).
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423967
Patvakan Voskanyan
NEW APPROACHES TO SCIENTIFIC AND METHODOLOGICAL SUPPORT OF FORENSIC EXPERTISE RESEARCHES
The artical describes the exploratory research in the field of tracological expertise of traces, the realization of which will allow to significantly increase the safety and reliability of conducted investigative actions. Particular attention is paid to the use of scientific results of fundamental research during the development and formation of modern applied methods and technologies in the forensic expertise research. Preliminary results of researches on revealing the connection between the chemical composition of the substance of human sweаt traces with its individual characteristics are presented.
The necessity of implementation of information technologies in the expertise practice is shown, with the aim of ensuring adequate response to the constantly evolving dynamic processes that nowadays take place in the field of forensic expertise. Specific examples substantiate the idea that the achievements of fundamental science allow expanding the range of tasks to be solved in the field of receiving and secure saving new factual data. The first results of approbation of four new analitical and methodological secure software solutions are analysed.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423969
Gennadi Bashkirov, Pavel Baranov
ANALYSIS OF THE ABANDONED REAL ESTATE OBJECTS IN THE COURSE OF COMPLEX FORENSIC VALUATING AND BUILDING EXPERTISES
The problems of discovering and effective use of unexploited property (including abandoned, orphaned and obsolete, inefficiently used buildings and structures) during the conduct of forensic construction and technical expertises are considered. Abandoned and inefficiently used objects are often the subject of law enforcement review because of inefficient, inappropriate use of financial and technical resources. These are relatively new tasks for forensic experts. A model for optimizing the use of existing buildings and structures, taking into account technical, economic, legal and environmental aspects, is proposed. It will help to expand the tasks of construction and technical forensic research and to increase the level of their reliability and validity.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423971
Zhanna Kovgan
FORMATION OF ECONOMIC EXPERTISE IN BELARUS
The article analyzes the development of accounting and scientific views on the solution of problematic issues to create an effective tool for countering crimes, as well as the formation of expert bodies. On the basis of the study, three stages of the development of economic expertise are identified: the first stage (till 1917) - the emergence of the need for economic assessments; the second stage (1917-1991) - the creation of expert institutions carrying out expert examinations on economic issues; development of scientific approaches to application of knowledge in the field of economics at various stages of the process; the third stage (1991 to the present) – the increased role of forensic economic expertise which was caused by new economic conditions which led to the development of expert divisions (institutions) and their subsequent optimization by integration into a single entity.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423972
Viktor Kamenkov, Alexander Kamenkov
ACTUAL PROBLEMS OF LEGAL REGULATION OF MEDICAL EXPERTISE: BELARUS, RUSSIA (COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS)
Despite attempts to improve the legal regulation of medical expertise, this legal institution is still far from perfect, which does not contribute to the effective use of such expertise as a legal tool. А systematic approach was used to analyze the regulatory legal acts regulating the issues of medical expertise. A critical analysis of legal acts regulating relations on medical expertise demonstrates the presence of omissions and conflicts in them. The ways of eliminating deficiencies in the legal regulation of a legal instrument of special knowledge in the form of medical expertise are shown. The proposed results may intensify the discussion on the problem under consideration.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423973
Aleksandr Rubis, Artsiom Yukhnik
TECHNOGENIC INFORMATION SPACE AS AN OBJECT OF RESEARCHING IN CRIMINALISTICS
Тhe authors consider the role of modern scientific knowledge and technical means in solving problems of criminalistics. The analysis of the technogenic information space in the criminalistic aspect and its components (software-hardware means, program-technical traces) is carried out. Software-hardware means are presented in two forms: as scientific and technical means, which ensure creation and functioning of the information space, and as a set of technical and software solutions that provide access to the information space at a new technological level. The work defines the notion of «program-technical traces», describes their features as reflections created by means of software-hardware means and reflecting events of the material world in the technogenic information space. Тhe authors propose, in the framework of criminalistics, to theoretically separate the technogenic information space from the objects of the material world, in order to correctly perceive program-technical traces, to more efficiently collect, research and evaluate evidence by developing appropriate forensic techniques based on the principles of modern information technologies.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423975
Anvar Khusanov
SELECTED ASPECTS OF TECHNICAL AND CRIMINALISTIC FIXATION IN THE CASES OF COMMITTING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN UZBEKISTAN
The work highlights the state of road safety in the Republic of Uzbekistan and in the world which is becoming an important problem nowadays due to the increasing number of cars which leads to the growing number of traffic accidents. The concept and essence of a traffic accident is revealed by the author. The statistical data on traffic accidents and the objective and subjective causes of crime are given. Also in the work special attention is paid to the priority areas of our time, namely the specific features of acting on the scene of the road accident in the modern conditions, including the use of technical means that record road traffic conditions.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423976
Ruslan Ropot
MODERN MODULAR FIREARMS AS OBJECT OF FORENSIC BALLISTIC RESEARCH
Handguns today are increasingly manufactured according to the principles of modular design technology. Layout schemes of such samples often provide for the presence of conversion (transitional) kits, which may include interchangeable gate groups, modules of the shock trigger mechanism and also trunks of various calibers and lengths. Forensic research of such weapons is particularly difficult and requires the expert not only maximum concentration in solving the identification, diagnostic and classification tasks of forensic ballistics, but also to make appropriate adjustments to the existing expert research methodologies.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423977
Aliaksei Lutsevich, Irina Pechko
HERPESVIRUS HUMAN SIX AS A CAUSE OF CHILD MORTALITY
This article is devoted to the question of child mortality from the persistent viral infection. Herpes viruses have such features as tissue tropism, persistence and latency in an infected organism. A real case is being described and there are pictures of tissue specimen of internal organs, which can be useful not only from theoretical, but also from practical point of view. The authors based their findings on studying rare documental facts about herpesvirus 6 itself.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423978
Vyacheslav Semyonov
MECHANISM OF FORMATION AND MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE MARKS ON THE SKIN DAMAGED BY THE TEETH OF DOGS IN THE CASE OF AGGRESSION TOWARDS HUMANS
With the reference to specialized medical and forensic literature the article presents data on the number and properties of marks forming objects, mechanisms of marks formation, types and nature of human skin injuries caused by teeth. Skin injuries caused by dogs’ bites are polymorphic (bruises, abrasions, wounds) and in some cases can imitate other types and manners of injury, which makes their differentiation complicated as there is no common methodological approach that is currently used in practical forensic work for descriptive and photographic fixing of teeth marks on the skin, as well as for drawing and validation of expert conclusions.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423979
Olga Gorovykh, Aleksandr Volosach
STUDY OF THE SURFACE HARDNESS OF CELLULAR CONCRETE SUBJECTED TO TEMPERATURE EXPOSURE
In the article main characteristics of cellular concrete are provided. Authors stress that one the main physical characteristics of the cellular concrete is its hardness. The results of the studies aim at finding out the correlation between the surface hardness of cellular concrete with the height of prior temperature influence with a view of finding out the seat of fire. Different indentors were used in conducting the research.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423981
Zinaida Panfilova
POSSIBILITIES OF OLFACTORY FORENSICS IN IDENTIFYING THE OFFENDER IN THE INVESTIGATION OF CRIMINAL CASES OF MURDERS COMMITTED BY STRANGULATION
The article is devoted to the use of human odor traces in the investigation of particularly serious crimes against the person committed by the method of suffocation (using mechanical asphyxia). The questions of formation, preservation, detection and removal of odour traces of a person during the inspection of the scene and the corpse of the victim are considered. A comparative analysis of the effectiveness of the use of olfactory forensic examination in the investigation of this category of criminal cases is given, examples of investigative practice of the use of the results of the examination of human odors in the investigation of murders committed by the method of mechanical asphyxia are given.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423983
Mihail Lomakin
DETECTION OF GENERAL AND SPECIFIC FEATURES OF SOME MODELS OF TRAUMATIC WEAPONS BY THE TRACES ON BULLETS
The article considers the possibility of conducting studies with a view to discover characteristics of channel of the stem of the traumatic weapon, by traces displayed on bullets. In article variants of general and specific signs of traces displayed on bullets are given, the particularities of their form and sizes are outlined, topographical inter-relation is presented with a view to further identify the exact model of the weapon from which the shot was made. The possibility to identify the concrete model of the used weapon by general and specific signs is voiced.
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423984
Dmitriy Strizhakov, Sergey Kacharsky
IDENTIFICATION SIGNS OF THE TURPENTINE PRESENCE ON THE SURFACE OF FRAGMENTS OF WOOD SUBJECTED TO THERMAL INFLUENCE
In this article new experimental data related to the question of the possibility of detecting the trace amounts of turpentine on the surface of fragments of charred wood withdrawn from the seat of fire are presented. Turpentine is a flammable liquid which can be used as an intensifier of burning at arson. In this work the method of gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was used to study the composition of the gas phases formed above the surface of fragments of charred wood, including wood which was pretreated with turpentine. It was shown that terpenic hydrocarbons are the main components of the gas mixtures formed during the heating of both the initial and charred fragments of pine wood. Turpentine has a similar qualitative composition, however, it contains 2,3-epoxypinan, p-cymol-8-ol and cyclohexene-4-carboxaldehyde, which are not characteristic for volatile components of pine wood. These substances form unusual for terpenic hydrocarbons of pine wood ions with mass/charge ratio (m/z) of 83, 109 and 110 when ionized. The presence of 2,3-epoxypinan, p-cymol-8-ol and cyclohexene-4-carboxaldehyde in mass-fragmentograms, obtained by the method of selective ion detection using ions with m/z of 83, 109 and 110, indicates the presence on the surface of fragments of charred wood, traces of turpentine, including turpentine which was modified as a result of evaporation (thermal influence).
The full text of the article is available in the free scientific digital library E-library.ru https://www.elibrary.ru/item.asp?id=37423985
